Television

                              Television : Industries & audiences                                       1/11/19

L/O: to research the history, companies & regulators in the Television Industry

Terminology :

Publicly owned TV Channel - funded by government & license fees for the public service

Commercial TV Channel - funded through advertisement

Convergence - process of joining different technologies into one device, e.g. mobile phone

Watershed - times when adult content (15+) can be shown. Between 9pm & 5:30am

Segmented market - audience divided into different groups depending on taste and interests

Mainstream - The ideas, attitudes that are shared by most people and regarded as normal or conventional

Self-regulating - not regulated by outside bodies

Franchise - license from company of a product to use format/show/ideas

Channel-surfing - quickly scanning through different television channels to find something interesting to watch or listen to

PSB - Public Service Broadcasting : regulations demand channels to fulfil certain requirements as part of their license to broadcast

TV License -  any household or business watching, recording live broadcasts require to pay a license fee. Funds the BBC

Scheduling - arrange or plan an event to take place at a particular time

Conglomerate - a company that owns several smaller business whose products or services are usually very different

1. When was TV introduced to the UK? 1927
2. In 1965, how many channels were there in the UK and what were they? There were 2, BBC 1 and ITV
3. When did ITV start? Why was it different? 22 September 1955, they are a commercial TV channel and 
4. Which UK channels have to follow PSB remits? 
5. Who regulates TV now?  Ofcom
6. Who regulated TV channels in the 1960s? ITV by ITA and BBC was self regulated
7. List the differences between TV in the 60s & now?

                                                                                                                                        15/11/19
L/O: to explore the history of ownership in two key channels 












                                              Television in the 2010s

L/O:research the 2010s (UK) in terms of social, cultural and political climate of the decade; research TV usage in 2015

• David Cameron legalised gay marriage 
• "Neck nomination"people nominate others to neck a pint of alcohol - lead to many deaths
• Terrorism threats - Afghanistan war, Syrian war, Isis, Terror attacks in UK, Korean Nuclear capability
• Refugees
• Drug culture
• I-Phone
• Knife crime
• Rap music 
• Streaming
• Brexit
• Trump election 
• UKIP influence 
• Hacking 
• Third wave feminism 
• (hashtag) blacklivesmastter
• Fashion - emo and chavs

The differences i would expect to see in police dramas in 1965 compared to 2015 is that it will be more diverse, more races and religion and sexuality will be represented. There would also show mixed class, not just middle or upper class. Women also won't be sexualised as much as they were. There could possibly be more drug use in the drama and

                                                                                                                                                                              22/11/19

                                                      Cuffs

Representation: Practise question 

1) How is 'Britishness' represented in this scene in terms of mise-en-scene?
    They are sat in the carriage have afternoon tea, reading the newspaper

2) How is war paranoia/racism represented in the scene through mies-en-scene?

3) What stereotypes were used in episode 1?
The women is being sexualised. the man is also in charge or everything.
4) How was Steed represented in episode 1?

5) How was Mrs Peel represented in episode 1?

6) What would you be looking out for?
-gender inequality and changing role in women 
-fashion & design
-class structure 
-changing view on sexuality 
-representation of different ethnicities 
-social values in general

7) How was the context of the 1960s show in the different representation used in episode 1?




How is media language used in this extract to portray gender and sexuality in the 1960s?

write about:

• camera work
• mise en scene 
• sound
• editing

The 1960s was a time where women were becoming more liberal, but however men were still dominating and it was quite sexual in the 1960s aswell, due to contraceptive pills being invented. This is shown in the mise-en-secne and camera work. At the beginning of the extract there is a cut away close up shot of the door bell, which has Mrs Peels name on it, showing that she is married. Mr steed rings the doorbell with his umbrella, showing dominance and it could also connote to sexual attitude. You also meet Stead at a low mid shot, showing he has more power and we meet  Peel at a high mid shot, showing that she is less than him. She is also wearing a leather suit, which can symbolise the adventurous sexual activity the people had in the 60s. The conversation also flicked between high and low 1, 2 shots to show the hierarchy between the male and females. Then the scene carries on with them sword fighting. The first sign of the female dominating the males, is when Mrs Peel flicks Steed's backside with the sword. The camera then is at the point of view of Mr Steed as it zooms in on Peels backside as she is walking away. 

The sound used also shows the increase in the sexual behaviour in the 60s. At the beginning of the scene there is non diegetic erotic music that is playing softly and then the tempo increases as they fight. There is also diegetic ambient sound of the doorbell at the beginning.





How is media language used to represent modern Britain ? [10 marks]

• camera work 
• mise-en-scene
• sound
• ending

The opening scene opens with a fast pace movement of a drone in Brighton; which shows that LGBTQ is now acceptable in modern Britain as Brighton is known as the gay capitol of Britain.The diegetic ambient sound of the seagulls represents a leisure society and how Britain has the money to spend to go to the sea.The low angles of the police officer connotes to equal rights and how modern Britain have more equality within society. The steady cam shot shows tension, which can connote to life in Brighton to be rough and to have  high crime. The over the shoulder shot of the sign on the beach that says " you are now entering a naturist beach" shows that its from the officers point of view and the sign shows that Britain has become more liberal. The pan median shot of the crowd of young police officers, can show that modern Britain has become more divers, as there is a variety of sexuality, race and gender.  The high angle of the group of men terrorising the naked couple shows that you should look down on people like that and to also show the 'lad' culture in Britain. There is also someone filming the police officer trying to break ups the fight to show that in modern Britain everything is recorded and you can't get away from it.
The diegetic ambient sound of the seagulls at the beginning. The diegetic sound of the police radio coyotes to crime in Britain. The opening dialogue shows the alpha male speaking in a low confident voice to show that males are still in charge. The diegetic dialogue "they will have positive interactions with the public" is ironic as it flips back to the scene of the police officer breaking up the fight between the two men on the beach.There is also a juxtaposition when the police officer is talking to the new officers.


                                                                                                                                            10/01/20

                                           1960s

• Cold war - ongoing in the 60s, was a race to see who would use nuclear weapons first between Russia and America. No one fought.

• Women in the 60s didn't have equal rights but they did have more then they used to, but it was a still male dominated society (patriarchal) 

• In the 60s Britain had the labour party in power

• Society was in two groups, younger generation were liberal. Older generation are very traditional, conservative.

• Mind altering drugs were big : weed, LSD, Acid

Gender equality changing :

You can see the change in gender equality in the episode of Avengers as Mrs.Peele is Mr.Steeds partner when they go off to solve a crime. Before women wouldn't even work as they would stay home and look after the children and then after the war ended, they began to work and in the 60s more women would be working. 

Patriarchal society :

Mr.Steed had a higher job title than Mrs.Peele and is shown to be dominating her by the way he would sexual her.

Youth movement in fashion/art/music :

Mrs.Peel wears a leather outfit - showing the change in fashion but women were sill being sexualised by men

                                                                                                                              17/01/26
                                  The Avengers : The Town of No Return
L/O: to explore the narrative, characters and context of series 4, Episode 1

• Opening location - Typical sea side, shot on location shows new money/equipment because of american company (ABC) had taken over.
• Mrs. Peele & her apartment shows modern side of society, full of modern art, furniture and design. shown as intelligence and capability as she had finished writing an article for science weekly.
• Me. Steed represents patriarchal society and the older more traditional generation
• Steed represents gender inequality when he hits Peele on the backside with a fencing sword (male dominance) he also says that'll shell have a drink to show male dominance as well
• Music at that time would be jazz, new music
• 
  

How was the context of the 1960s shown in the different representations used in episode 1?

The typical patriarchal society is repressed throughout this episode, as Mr. Steed is shown to be as dominating and in control. This is shown by the beginning of the episode where they are in Peels apartment, and he hits her on the bum with the fencing sword. She is Mr. Steeds partner in different missions, she is being trusted on going on these missions and going of by herself, which shows that society is slowly changing, that women are being able to do more things and are being trusted more. 

                                                                                                                                24/01/20
                                               Cuffs: Series 1, Episode 1

Main characters :
- PC Ryan Draper
- PC Jake Vickers
- DS Jo Moffat
- Chief Super Robert Vickers
- DC Carl Hawkins
- DI Felix Kane
- PC Donna Prager
- PC Lino Moretti

• Set in Brighton 
• Non diegetic sound of police radio
• Paralleling/ cross cutting, to show the opposites(juxtapose) of what the Chief super intendant is saying, the political side of what is meant to be happening Vs the reality of what actually happens.
• Key characters introduced, Ryan because he was the first person to be introduced in that episode
• Multiple narratives 
• Development of technology 
• Normal conversation, normal to be gay,  acceptance and tolerance 
• Shows issues in mental health, drugs and self harm
• Sinister music change shows the tension and danger 
• Female in position off authority, different races/religion also working
• Still patriarchal society, higher positions are men
• Reality of policing, understaffed 
• Treatment of the family reflects racial tension, the build up to brexit, reflects what is happening in society
• Stereotype of a lawyer that they don't have a conscience, in it for what they get
• Representation of teenagers, negative as they have skipped school, wearing hoodies and trainers. 
• Also shows the character of Ryan, that he's a father
• Fast paced music and fast editing to match the chase
• Police have to face with the public attitudes towards them, accusation of police brutality and harassment 
• Gender stereotypes that women are more emotional 
• 
  

                                                                                                                                     31/01/20

L/O: to explore the TV Industry in 2010s and the effect on TV shows and audience 

• shifting audience - lack of channel loyal/identity
• loss of mass except for 'event TV' - World Cup; Olympics; X-Factor etc
• loss of national audience - niche channels and programming on interest - Sky Witness
• need for content - imports; outsourcing programming; new formats 
• need for 'stars' and glossy production values
• mining of back catalogue - exploits nostalgia - EG: Dad's Army
• remakes of old shows (exploit brand) - EG: Poldark
• move to TV shows as programme brands for marketing 
• cross - channel programming - BBC2 programmes centred on Strictly
• use of pre- title hooks to entice/keep viewers
• the ongoing narrative to hook viewers 
• evolution of series towards narrative arcs serial - recurring narrative strands etc
• catch-up TV
• streaming TV
• box sets via streaming 
• search for 'Big Thing' 

Audience:

• fragmented audience 
• channel surfing 
• 24/7 media - issues of saturation 
• audience as schedule creators 
• demand for content and quality
• binge viewing
• impact of meme TV shows 
• need for shock or issue based TV to attract attention 
• TV shows as a brand 
• using social media to comment on live TV 

Trailer for Cuffs:

• What elements did the producers choose to include and why?

They put a clip of a sex worker also of police officers finding drugs/drug money, this would appeal to the audience as sex/drugs/ money and crime are all of modern aspect. A clip of two men kissing will appeal to the target audience because it shows diversity and also the debate about being gay in society. Also included violence

• How have they represented police life?

They have presented it as something thats stressful, hard and also very violent, as there are clips of police officers having things thrown at them or being punched in the face and also when the youngest police officer was being shown as being controlled by these two women out in public.

• How have they represented personal dramas?

Relationships - between the police officer and a lawyer

• How have they used Media Language (editing, sound, MES, camera work) to make it appeal to the target audience?

They have used non- diegetic sound to make it appeal to the target audience as they have used fast paced music to create suspense and tension. The music got louder and more fast paced when there was a tense clip being shown. The producers have also included 

• Cuffs was part of the winer schedule for 2015: aired October 2015
• Typically, a time aimed at wider audience. E.g. Apprentice & strictly 
• Scheduling: broadcast 8pm on a weekday. Pre - watershed Cuffs targeted a broad family audience of 16-65, similar to that of Casualty & Waterloo Road
• Offered range of characters and storylines to appeal to as many segments of demographic as possible
• Format/Appeal: Fits modern post 2010 populist series format - everyday relatable storylines with a consistent set of troubled characters with different issues
• Narrative: weekday winter pre-watershed formats are intended to be engaging 

Passive V Active Audiences 

passive audience - when someone sits and watches it, without taking a blink about what it is. If they told to watch something at a certain time they will sit down and watch it. 

active audience - they choose to watch it when they want it and where they want it. they will take notice of things and become more active in the series 

The audience of The Avengers and Cuffs are very different as The Avengers audience were passive and Cuffs were active. This was because in the 60s the would have to watch the show at a certain time on a certain day as there were only three channels. However for cuffs they're active as they can always watch it whenever they want due to catchup tv and recordings

                                                                                                                                 7/02/20

                                                  Cuffs & social values
L/O: to explore today's social values and analyse how these are represented in Cuffs

Social values - ideas that shape how we see the world and our place in it. what we see as right or wrong, appropriate/ inappropriate: acceptable/unacceptable. The thinking of actions that the majority accept, the values on which our laws and rules of society are based.

The BBC remit to represent the UK as a whole means it has to consider the groups represented in TV drama such as Cuffs.

Post 2010 - more multi-ethnic and multi-cultural

Episode 1: Social Values

The pre-watershed scheduling of 8pm significant in terms of the representation they could offer, this was because they had to make sure their content was appropriate and therefor had to be very implicit in what they would show.

In Cuffs, ethnicity was shown as they had multiple ethnic backgrounds shown in the episode having important roles, this shows that Britain in 2015  . Men and women are also shown to have the same roles, and some women in the episode have a higher role than some men, this showing the c change in views of women and how there is now equality in society, it would of seemed out of place to have the whole cast as solely white male. Sexuality is shown, as one of the main characters is gay, this shows that Britain are more diverse, the audience is more accepting.

Tropes - a common/ overused theme or device; a cliche


                                                   PSB Remit
L/O: to evaluate how effectively the BBC meets its PSB remit

BBC is a public service broadcaster (PSB) - it is created for the benefit of the public not for commercial use. It's funded through the license fee, they have to follow a set of guidelines by OFCOM because they have to justify where 'our' money goes.

All BBC stations have a PSB remit, including those broadcasted digitally.

PSB purposes:
- informing our understanding of the world
- stimulating knowledge and learning
- reflecting the UK's cultural identity
- representing diversity and alternative viewpoints

PSB characteristics:
- high quality
- original
- innovative
- challenging
- widely available
- distinctive